Estonia
| Country summary | |
|---|---|
|
Capital |
Tallinn |
|
Borders |
|
|
Government type |
parliamentary republic |
|
Population |
1,299,371 (July 2010 est.)[1] |
|
Population growth |
-0.632% (2010 est.)[1] |
|
Life expectancy |
72.82 years[1] |
|
Unemployment |
13.8% (2009 est.)[1] |
|
16[2] | |
|
27[3] | |
|
24[4] | |
After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US - it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with Western Europe. It joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.[1]
Economical characteristics
- Currency: Estonian kroon, Euro (ISO code: EEK, EUR)
- Central bank discount rate: [1]
- Commercial banks lending rate: 8.55% (31 December 2008)[1]
- Stock of money (M1): $6.106 billion (31 December 2008)[1]
- Quasi money (with M1 makes M2): $5.478 billion (31 December 2008)[1]
Notable events:
- Banking crisis: November 1930, September 1931, 1992-1995, 1998[5]
Statistics
| Statistic / Year | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP (million USD)[6] | 5 705 | 5 676 | 6 240 | 7 324 | 9 845 | 12 031 | 13 903 | 16 606 | 21 448 | 23 401 |
| Govt. debt (% of GDP)[7] | 6.872 | 6.346 | 7.411 | 7.829 | 7.955 | 5.389 | 4.846 | 4.095 | ||
| Govt. revenue (% of GDP)[8] | 30.990 | 29.898 | 30.937 | 31.328 | 30.524 | 30.184 | 31.402 | 31.937 | ||
| Govt. expenses (% of GDP)[9] | 29.488 | 27.734 | 27.903 | 27.490 | 27.629 | 26.859 | 26.728 | 26.844 | ||
| Debt to revenue (years) | 0.222 | 0.212 | 0.240 | 0.250 | 0.261 | 0.179 | 0.154 | 0.128 |
References
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 CIA - The World Factbook. "Estonia", from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ Heritage Foundation. "Estonia", Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ Transparency International. "Estonia", Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ Doing Business. "Estonia", Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. "This Time is Different", Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 362. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-19.
- ↑ World Bank. "Estonia: GDP", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ World Bank. "Estonia: government debt", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ World Bank. "Estonia: government revenue", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ World Bank. "Estonia: government expenses", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-29.
Links
- Estonia on Wikipedia
- Central bank of Estonia
- Country profile (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
- Studies from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
- BBC country profile
- Ministers offer Estonia entry to eurozone January 1 - Estonia to enter the Eurozone by January 1st, 2011
- Estonia Moves to Liberty by Norman Barry, May 2004
- "Why Estonia Is Beating the Eurozone" by Frank Shostak, October 2012
- Articles on Estonia on Mises Estonia
