Indonesia
| Country summary | |
|---|---|
|
Capital |
Jakarta |
|
Borders |
Timor-Leste 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km |
|
Government type |
republic |
|
Population |
240,271,522 (July 2010 est.)[1] |
|
Population growth |
1.136% (2010 est.)[1] |
|
Life expectancy |
70.76 years[1] |
|
Unemployment |
7.7% (2009 est.)[1] |
|
114[2] | |
|
111[3] | |
|
122[4] | |
The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence after Japan's surrender, but it required four years of intermittent negotiations, recurring hostilities, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. Indonesia's first free parliamentary election after decades of repressive rule took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third-largest democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and home to the world's largest Muslim population. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, holding the military and police accountable for past human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling avian influenza. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face low intensity armed resistance by the separatist Free Papua Movement.[1]
Economical characteristics
- Currency: Rupiah (ISO code: IDR)
- Central bank discount rate: 10.83% (31 December 2008)[1]
- Commercial banks lending rate: 13.6% (31 December 2008)[1]
- Stock of money (M1): $41.71 billion (31 December 2008)[1]
- Quasi money (with M1 makes M2): $131.1 billion (31 December 2008)[1]
Notable events:
- Banking crisis: November 1992, 1994, 1997-2002[5]
- Hyperinflation: 1966
- Years in inflation: 31.1% (share of years 1949-2009 with annual inflation above 20 per cent per annum)
- Public default: 1966-1970, 1998-2000, 2002 (external)[6]
Statistics
| Statistic / Year | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP (million USD)[7] | 140 001 | 165 021 | 160 447 | 195 661 | 234 772 | 256 837 | 285 869 | 364 571 | 431 933 | 510 730 |
| Govt. debt (% of GDP)[8] | 45.208 | 32.224 | 29.717 | 28.762 | ||||||
| Govt. revenue (% of GDP)[9] | 18.060 | 18.699 | 17.444 | 17.323 | 18.366 | |||||
| Govt. expenses (% of GDP)[10] | 16.329 | 15.713 | 16.258 | 16.854 | ||||||
| Debt to revenue (years) | 2.503 | 1.847 | 1.715 | 1.566 |
References
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 CIA - The World Factbook. "Indonesia", from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ Heritage Foundation. "Indonesia", Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ Transparency International. "Indonesia", Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ Doing Business. "Indonesia", Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. "This Time is Different", Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 368. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-20.
- ↑ Carmen M. Reinhart. "This Time is Different Chartbook: Country Histories on Debt, Default, and Financial Crises" (pdf), March 3, 2010, p. 62. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-20.
- ↑ World Bank. "Indonesia: GDP", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ World Bank. "Indonesia: government debt", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ World Bank. "Indonesia: government revenue", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ World Bank. "Indonesia: government expenses", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30.
Links
- Indonesia on Wikipedia
- Central bank of Indonesia
- Country profile (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
- Studies from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
- BBC country profile
