Kazakhstan
| Country summary | |
|---|---|
|
Capital |
Astana |
|
Borders |
China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,224 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km |
|
Government type |
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch |
|
Population |
15,399,437 (July 2010 est.)[1] |
|
Population growth |
0.392% (2010 est.)[1] |
|
Life expectancy |
67.87 years[1] |
|
Unemployment |
6.3% (2009 est.)[1] |
|
82[2] | |
|
120[3] | |
|
63[4] | |
Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century, and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence in 1991 caused many of these newcomers to emigrate. Kazakhstan's economy is larger than those of all the other Central Asian states combined largely due to the country's vast natural resources and a recent history of political stability. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets; achieving a sustainable economic growth; diversifying the economy outside the oil, gas, and mining sectors; enhancing Kazakhstan's competitiveness; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreign powers.[1]
Economical characteristics
- Currency: Tenge (ISO code: KZT)
- Central bank discount rate: 7% (31 December 2009)[1]
- Commercial banks lending rate: NA%[1]
- Stock of money (M1): $16.12 billion (31 December 2008)[1]
- Quasi money (with M1 makes M2): $35.76 billion (31 December 2008)[1]
Statistics
| Statistic / Year | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP (million USD)[5] | 16 871 | 18 292 | 22 153 | 24 637 | 30 834 | 43 152 | 57 124 | 81 004 | 104 853 | 133 442 |
| Govt. debt (% of GDP)[6] | 26.626 | 21.618 | 17.657 | 15.356 | 13.218 | 7.046 | 5.937 | 5.322 | 6.327 | |
| Govt. revenue (% of GDP)[7] | 8.565 | 11.326 | 11.443 | 13.234 | 13.936 | 15.145 | 21.316 | 16.796 | 13.977 | 13.351 |
| Govt. expenses (% of GDP)[8] | 14.182 | 13.722 | 13.568 | 12.691 | 13.887 | 14.071 | 18.216 | 14.622 | 14.148 | 14.754 |
| Debt to revenue (years) | 3.109 | 1.909 | 1.543 | 1.160 | 0.948 | 0.331 | 0.354 | 0.381 | 0.474 |
References
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 CIA - The World Factbook. "Kazakhstan", from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ Heritage Foundation. "Kazakhstan", Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ Transparency International. "Kazakhstan", Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ Doing Business. "Kazakhstan", Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ World Bank. "Kazakhstan: GDP", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ World Bank. "Kazakhstan: government debt", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ World Bank. "Kazakhstan: government revenue", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30.
- ↑ World Bank. "Kazakhstan: government expenses", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30.
Links
- Kazakhstan on Wikipedia
- Central bank of Kazakhstan
- Country profile (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
- BBC country profile
