Romania
| Country summary | |
|---|---|
|
Capital |
Bucharest |
|
Borders |
Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km |
|
Government type |
republic |
|
Population |
22,215,421 (July 2010 est.)[1] |
|
Population growth |
-0.147% (2010 est.)[1] |
|
Life expectancy |
72.45 years[1] |
|
Unemployment |
7.8% (2009 est.)[1] |
|
63[2] | |
|
71[3] | |
|
55[4] | |
The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they united in 1859 and a few years later adopted the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a Communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former Communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.[1]
Economical characteristics
- Currency: Romanian leu (ISO code: RON)
- Central bank discount rate: NA%[1]
- Commercial banks lending rate: 14.99% (31 December 2008)[1]
- Stock of money (M1): $25.3 billion (31 December 2008)[1]
- Quasi money (with M1 makes M2): $36.09 billion (31 December 2008)[1]
Notable events:
- Banking crisis: July 1931, 1990[5]
- Years in inflation: 9.8% (share of years 1878-2009 with annual inflation above 20 per cent per annum)
- Public default: 1933-1958, 1981-1983, 1986 (external), 1933-1958 (domestic)[6]
Statistics
| Statistic / Year | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP (million USD)[7] | 35 592 | 37 053 | 40 181 | 45 825 | 59 507 | 75 489 | 98 913 | 122 642 | 169 282 | 200 071 |
| Govt. debt (% of GDP)[8] | ||||||||||
| Govt. revenue (% of GDP)[9] | 25.781 | 24.544 | 24.211 | 24.480 | 24.518 | 25.311 | 30.907 | |||
| Govt. expenses (% of GDP)[10] | 25.910 | 23.510 | 23.286 | 24.024 | 25.309 | 26.316 | 33.772 | |||
| Debt to revenue (years) |
References
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 CIA - The World Factbook. "Romania", from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ Heritage Foundation. "Romania", Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ Transparency International. "Romania", Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ Doing Business. "Romania", Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. "This Time is Different", Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 379-380. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-21.
- ↑ Carmen M. Reinhart. "This Time is Different Chartbook: Country Histories on Debt, Default, and Financial Crises" (pdf), March 3, 2010, p. 95. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-21.
- ↑ World Bank. "Romania: GDP", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ World Bank. "Romania: government debt", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ World Bank. "Romania: government revenue", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-29.
- ↑ World Bank. "Romania: government expenses", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-29.
Links
- Romania on Wikipedia
- Central bank of Romania
- Country profile (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
- Studies from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
- BBC country profile
